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REFERENCE NOTES / METALS / FINISHING
This website is primarily based on workshop practice, however where possible this has been supported by reference to other relevant material in books, journals, papers, dissertations, electronic documents and so forth. The reference notes section provides both specific information on material directly quoted in the website from outside sources, and guidance on general background reading. All the references are contained in the BIBLIOGRAPHY in the preceding page.
The notes are listed on a section by section basis. If you have come to this page by clicking on [ref] in your browser, you can return to the page you linked from by clicking on the page link above the reference note.
This website is not a formal document and does not follow any specific referencing convention.
METALS
WHY YOUR SCULPTURE CAST IS PROBABLY NOT A BRONZE
(1) Williams, D~Icon and Image, A Study of Sacred & Secular Forms of African Classical Art~Allen Lane 1974
(2) Karr C.~Indian Metal Sculpture~Alec Tiranti Ltd. 1952
(3) Fink & Eldridge~The Restoration of Ancient Bronzes and other Alloys~Metropolitan Museum of Art
(3) Haynes, D.~The Technique of Greek Bronze Statuary~Verlag Phillipp von Zabern-Mainz Rhein 1992
(3) Mattush, Carol C.~Greek Bronze Statuary~Cornell University Press 1988(3)
COPPER
Copper Development Agency~Introduction to Copper~CDA. BK1 1995
LIGHT METALS
(1) In the mid C19 the Deville process produced a workable alloy at £7.00 per lb, by 1888 the Aluminium Co (Birmingham) using the Castner method was able to produce the product for 16 shillings per lb: Winifred Lewis~The Light Metals Industry~London 1944
(2) Eros was cast by George Broard & Sons under Gilberts supervision. A small quantity of copper was added to the alloy to improve the strength of the casting: Darke, J.~The Monument Guide to England and Wales~Macdonald 1991
ZINC & SPELTER
Centered around Germany & Austria up to early C20, spelter
was however produced at the Champion Works in Bristol UK as early as 1760. C. Dury / E Fortnum Bronzes.
HIGH STRENGTH WEATHERING STEELS
ASD Glen Metals~Cor-Ten ® High Strength Weathering Steel Technical Reference Guide~ASD. Glen 1993
BlueScope Steel~Weather Resistant Steels~Technical Bulleting TB-26 Rev 4 June 2004
see also:
McKay Lodge Fine Arts Lab Inc~Cyclic Maintenance Instructions for Sculpture [Cor-ten] (For US General Services Admin') 2002
IRON
Lister, R.~Decorative Cast Ironwork in Great Britain~London Industries Bureau G. Bell & Sons 1960
GOLD
Gowland, W.~The Art of Bronze Casting in Japan~Journal of the Applied Arts Society April 23rd 1895
GENERAL READING (SEE BELOW)
FINISHING
MORE ABOUT STRUCTURAL SUPPORT ARMATURES (THIS PAGE IS NO LONGER AVAILABLE ON THE ARTENERO WEBSITE)
For overview see: 'Landscape' Magazine Issue 41 Feb 1994
JOINING & CUTTING
There are 21 separate electric welding processes listed under ISO 4063
WELDING BRAZING & THERMAL CUTTNG INTRODUCTION
Haynes, D.~The Technique of Greek Bronze Statuary~Verlag Phillipp von Zabern-Mainz Rhein 1992
POLISHING
(1) Spear, A.T.~Brancusi Birds~New York University Press 1969
(2) Heuman J. (Ed.)~Material Matters (The Conservation of Modern Sculpture)~Tate Gallery 1999 (See Rolfe M.)
PATINATION
(1) Columbia Metals~Colphos 90® (Specification and Stock Data)~Columbia Metals Ltd. (Note: this alloy may be more resistant to corrosion than standard art foundry casting alloys, especially gunmetals.
(2) Fink & Eldridge~The Restoration of Ancient Bronzes and other Alloys~Metropolitan Museum of Art
ENHANCED WAX FINISHES
Heuman J. (Ed.)~Material Matters (The Conservation of Modern Sculpture)~Tate Gallery 1999 (Little Dancer Aged 14, Rolfe.M)
GILDING
Theophilus~De Diversis Artibus (trans. Hawthorne & Smith)~University of Chicargo Press 1963
Oddy, Borrelli & Meeks~The Gilding of Bronze Statues in the Greek & Roman World~T & H.1979
ELECTROPOLISHING
Tuthill A.H.~Fabrication and Post-Fabrication Cleanup of Stainless Steel~Nickel Dev. Inst. Technical Series No. 10,004 1986
ANTIQUE PAINT FINISHES
(1) Westmacott, R.~Handbook of Sculpture Ancient and Modern~A&C Black 1864
(2) Berman, H.~Bronzes: Sculptors and Founders 1800-1930~Abage 1974
(3) Jackson, H.~Lost Wax Bronze Casting – A Photographic Essay~Van Nostrand Reinhold Co 1979
OIL PAINTS
Technical recommendations courtesy Sarah Miller, Windsor & Newton Ltd UK
COMMERCIAL PAINTS
Deutches Institut für Gütesicherung ung Kennzeichung e. V. :a seven digit code used to accurately catalogue 1688 colours by symmetrical order. (German originated standard).
GENERAL READING
Adams, G.G.~On Bronzes Casting and Colouring~London 1870
Agricola, Georgious~De Re Metallica (trans. Hoover, Herbert Clark)~Dover Inc. (Orig. 1556)
ASD Glen Metals~Cor-Ten ® High Strength Weathering Steel Technical Reference Guide~ASD. Glen 1993
Berman, H.~Bronzes: Sculptors and Founders 1800-1930~Abage 1974
British Aluminium Corp.~Aluminium in Architecture and Decoration~British Aluminium Corp. 1933
BOC. Plc.~Safe Under Pressure British~Oxygen Corporation Feb 1995
Barnard, N.~Bronze Casting and Bronze Alloys in Ancient China~Monumenta Seria Monograph XIV 1961
Binney & Smith Inc.~Luquitex®. ‘The Acrlic Book’~Binney & Smith Inc 1992
Biringuccio, V.~The Pyrotechnia (trans. Smith & Gnudi)~American Inst. of Mining & Metallurgical Eng. 1956
Breit, V.~Phaidon Guide to Pewter~Phaidon 1981
Brown, John R.~Foseco Foundrymans Handbook~Butterworth-Heinemann 1994
Burrows & Hancox~Craft Engineering Data Book~S.T(P) Ltd
Cellini, B.~Autobiography (Vita) (trans. Bull)~Penguin 1983
Chapman, W.A.J.~Workshop Technology~Edward Arnold 1976
Cline,W.~Mining and Metallugy in Negro Africa~George Banta-Menasha 1937
Columbia Metals~Silicon Bronzes (Specification and Stock Data)~Columbia Metals Ltd.
Columbia Metals~Colphos 90® (Specification and Stock Data)~Columbia Metals Ltd.
COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIAITION (CDA) WEBSITE, DATA SHEETS & TECHNICAL NOTES (SEE FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY)
Dark, P.J.C.~Brass Casting in West Africa~African Arts (Vol VI No 4) 1974
Dark, P.J.C.~An Introduction to Benin Art and Technology~Clarendon 1973
Darke, J.~The Monument Guide to England and Wales~Macdonald 1991
Davies, A.C.~Welding Science and Technology (Vol I)~Cambridge University Press 1989
Davies, A.C.~The Practice of Welding (Vol II)~Cambridge University Press 1989
Doeringer, S. (Ed.)~Art and Technology Symposium on Classical Bronzes~Fogg Cambridge USA 1970
Eyo & Willett~Treasures of Ancient Nigeria~Royal Academy of Arts/Collins 1982
Farr, M.~Design in British Industry (A Mid-Century Survey)~Cambridge University Press 1955
Fink & Eldridge~The Restoration of Ancient Bronzes and other Alloys~Metropolitan Museum of Art
John, V.~Introduction to Engineering Materials~Macmillan 1992
Gleichen, E.~London’s Open Air Statuary~Longmans, Green & Co 1928
Goedhuis, M.~Chinese and Japanese Bronzes to 1900~Colnaghi Orient 1982
Gourd, L.~Welding~Hodder and Stoughton 1989
Gowland, W.~The Art of Bronze Casting in Japan~Journal of the Applied Arts Society April 23rd 1895
Haynes, D.~The Technique of Greek Bronze Statuary~Verlag Phillipp von Zabern-Mainz Rhein 1992
Heuman J. (Ed.)~Material Matters (The Conservation of Modern Sculpture)~Tate Gallery 1999
Hickman, B.~Japanese Crafts Materials and Applications~(Japanese Society of London) East-West 1977
Hughes & Rowe~The Colouration, Bronzing and Patination of Metals~Thames and Hudson 1991
Ishind, T.~How the Great Buddah at Nara was Constructed~Kinki University
Jackson, H.~Lost Wax Bronze Casting – A Photographic Essay~Van Nostrand Reinhold Co 1979
Karr C.~Indian Metal Sculpture~Alec Tiranti Ltd. 1952
Kenyon, W.~Basic Welding and Fabrication~Longman Scientific and Technical 1979
Lister, R.~Decorative Cast Ironwork in Great Britain~London Industries Bureau G. Bell & Sons 1960
Lister, R.~The Craftsman in Metal~G. Bell & Sons 1966
Loyen, F.~Manual of Silversmithing~Thames and Hudson 1980
Mattush, Carol C.~Greek Bronze Statuary~Cornell University Press 1988
N/A~Mechanical World Yearbook 1969~Emmott & Co. Ltd. 1969
Mills, J.W.~The Technique for Casting Sculpture~B.T. Batsford Ltd. 1967
Paine & Soper~The Art and Architecture of Japan~Pelican History of Art 1955
Richter, G.~Handbook of Greek Art~Phaidon 1959
Ross, R. B.~Metallic Materials Specification Handbook~E&F Spon Ltd. 1972
Ross, R. B~Handbook of Metal Treatments and Testing~E&F Spon Ltd. 1977
Slade, E.~Metals in the Modern World~Aldus 1967
Smithells, C.J.~Metals Reference Book~Butterworths 1976
N/A~Stainless Steel Technical Data~Rankinton Stainless Steels Ltd. Essex
Theophilus~De Diversis Artibus (trans. Hawthorne & Smith)~University of Chicargo Press 1963
Thurston-Shaw, C.~Igbo Ukwo, An Account of Architectural Discoveries in Eastern Nigeria Vol I~Faber & Faber 1970
Trachtenberg, M.~The Statue of Liberty Penguin ~1976
Tutt & Adler~New Metric Handbook, Planning & Design Data~Butterworth Architecture 1988
Walton, C.~Modern Commercial Workshop Practice in Gold Jewellery~Casting Gold Technology 11 Nov 1993
Welding Institute~Weldability of Materials- Aluminium Alloys~TWI Connect Issue 80 October 1996
Willett, F.~African Art, An Introduction~Thames and Hudson 1971
Willett, F.~Who Taught the Smiths of Igbo Ukwo~New Scientist April 1983
Wolfe, T.~From Bauhaus to Our House~Cardinal 1990
Woolley, C.L.~Ur Excavations Volume II~British Museum 1934
Woolley, C.L.~The Development of Sumerian Art~Faber & Faber 1935
Young, R.D & Fennell, R.~Methods For Modern Sculptors~American Society of Foundrymen 1987
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